Of or referring to the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA Studies

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Of or referring to the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA ( Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA) is a small amount of Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA that is contained within the mitochondria (the chemical powerhouses of the cell). Since only nuclear Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA is transferred from the sperm to fertilize the egg, all the Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA comes from the mother.

One study analyzed Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA in 42 Mongolians from Ulan Bator. All four Amerindian founding lineage haplotypes were detected in 54% of these 42 individuals, demonstrating an Asian origin.¹ A second study examined Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS-1) from the Tuvinians and Buryats, two aboriginal populations of South Siberia. This study found that these populations expressed the four Native American-specific haplogroups (A-D) at frequencies of 72.2% and 55%.²

Another study, using 720 Amerindian Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA The order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule, or the order of amino acids in a protein molecule.sequences, showed that Native Americans’ ancestral-population differentiation occurred approximately 22,000 years ago,³ well before the time frame given in the Book of Mormon. Other studies have set the date for the founding haplogroups at 34,000 years ago.⁴ A study of Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA from 108 individuals from 700 year old burial site confirmed the founding populations originated 23,000-37,000 years ago.⁵

References

1. Merriwether DA, Hall WW, Vahlne A, Ferrell RE. 1996. Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA variation indicates Mongolia may have been the source for the founding population for the New World. Am J Hum Genet 59:204-212.

2. Derenko MV, Malyarchuk BA, Dambueva IK, Shaikhaev GO, Dorzhu CM, Nimaev DD, Zakharov IA. 2000. Of or referring to the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA variation in two South Siberian Aboriginal populations: implications for the genetic history of North Asia. Hum. Biol. 72:945-973.

3. SL Bonatto and FM Salzano. 1997. Diversity and Age of the Four Major Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA Haplogroups, and Their Implications for the Peopling of the New World. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61:1413-1423.

4. YB Starikovskaya, RI Sukernik, TG Schurr, AM Kogelnik, and DC Wallace. 1998. Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA Diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: Implications for the Genetic History of Ancient Beringia and the Peopling of the New World. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1473-1491.

5. AC Stone and M Stoneking. 1998. Genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.mtDNA Analysis of a Prehistoric Oneota Population: Implications for the Peopling of the New World. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1153-1170.